Document Type : Articles

Authors

1 Department of Information Studies University of Ghana, Legon

2 KAAF University College, Ghana

Abstract

Social media usage trends have established a drastic jump from 5% in 2005 to 72% in 2021. This study, therefore, sought to investigate the extent to which social media is being used to facilitate information dissemination by students in Ghanaian Universities. The Uses and gratifications theory (UGT) which seeks to explain why and how people actively seek out specific media to satisfy specific needs was used as the theoretical framework for the study. The descriptive research design was used to gather both qualitative and quantitative data from respondents across tertiary institutions in Ghana. The study established that social media serves as one of the vital tools for learning and information dissemination among the students. The students used social media for academic work more than for recreational activities. They access social media through the mobile devices they own and are connected to the internet. Whiles the majority of them had only one social media account, a significant proportion had more than one social media account. Although they somewhat trust the information on social media, they only consider it to be genuine unless it is related or find it relevant in the field of academics.https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.3.8.5   

Keywords

  1. Abbas, J., Aman, J., Nurunnabi, M., & Bano, S. (2019). The impact of social media on learning behavior for sustainable education: Evidence of students from selected universities in Pakistan. Sustainability, 11(6), 1683. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061683
  2. Adhi, B. P., Saskiah, D., & Widodo, W. (2019). A systematic literature review of short text classification on twitter. KnE Social Sciences, 625-635.
  3. Agbawe, M. (2018). "Challenges and Prospects of Social Media on Digital Natives: The Case of Nigeria". Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 9(3), 18-32.
  4. Ahad, A. D., & Lim, S. M. A. (2014). Convenience or nuisance?: The ‘WhatsApp’ dilemma. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 155, 189-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.278
  5. Ahmed, Y. A., Ahmad, M. N., Ahmad, N., & Zakaria, N. H. (2019). Social media for knowledge-sharing: A systematic literature review. Telematics and informatics, 37, 72- 112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.01.015
  6. Alalwan, A. A., Rana, N. P., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Algharabat, R. (2017). Social media in marketing: A review and analysis of the existing literature. Telematics and Informatics, 34(7), 1177-1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.05.008
  7. Alsufyan, N. K., & Aloud, M. (2017). The state of social media engagement in Saudi universities. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education.
  8. Apeanti, W. O., & Danso, E. D. (2014). Students’ use of social media in higher education in Ghana. Innovative Journal, 3(1), 3-9
  9. Asad, S., Mamun, M. A. & Clement, C. K. (2012). The Effect of Social Networking Sites to the Lifestyles of Teachers and Students in Higher Educational Institutions. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1(4), 498- 510. DOI: 10.14419/ijbas.v1i4.374
  10. Badoer, E., Hollings, Y., & Chester, A. (2021). Professional networking for undergraduate students: a scaffolded approach. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 45(2), 197. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2020.1744543
  11. Bakshy, E. H. (2011). Everyone's an influencer: Quantifying influence on Twitter. In Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on web search and data mining. NewYork: USA: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/1935826.1935845
  12. Balthrop, J. M. (2004). Technological networks and the spread of computer viruses. Science 304. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1095845
  13. Baruah, T. D. (2012). Effectiveness of Social Media as a tool of communication and its potential for technology enabled connections: A micro-level study. International journal of scientific and research publications, 2(5), 1-10. http://www.ijsrp.org/research_paper_may2012/ijsrp-may-2012-24.pdf
  14. Bernard, K. J., & Dzandza, P. E. (2018). Effect of social media on academic performance of students in Ghanaian Universities: A case study of University of Ghana, Legon.
  15. Boyd, D. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communications, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083- 6101.2007.00393.x
  16. Burt, R. (2005). Brokerage and closure: An introduction to social capital. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://gsbwww.uchicago.edu/fac/ronald.burt/research.
  17. Cassidy, E. D., Colmenares, A., Jones, G., Manolovitz, T., Shen, L., & Vieira, S. (2014). Higher education and emerging technologies: Shifting trends in student usage. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 40(2), 124-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.acalib.2014.02.003
  18. Coyle, C. L., & Vaughn, H. (2008). Social networking: Communication revolution or evolution?. Bell Labs technical journal, 13(2), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.1002/bltj.20298
  19. De Martino, I., D’Apolito, R., McLawhorn, A. S., Fehring, K. A., Sculco, P. K., & Gasparini, G. (2017). Social media for patients: benefits and drawbacks. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 10(1), 141-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393211025758
  20. Deng, L., & Tavares, N. J. (2013). From Moodle to Facebook: Exploring students' motivation and experiences in online communities. Computers & Education, 68, 167-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.04.028
  21. Edosomwan, S., Prakasan, S. K., Kouame, D., Watson, J., & Seymour, T. (2011). The history of social media and its impact on business. Journal of Applied Management and entrepreneurship, 16(3), 79-91. https://www.irmbrjournal.com/papers/1395805922.pdf
  22. Eid, M. I., & Al-Jabri, I. M. (2016). Social networking, knowledge sharing, and student learning: The case of university students. Computers & Education, 99, 14-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.04.007
  23. Gonzalez-Padilla, D. A., & Tortolero-Blanco, L. (2020). Social media influence in the COVID-19 pandemic. International braz j urol, 46, 120-124. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.S121
  24. Gurcan, H. (2015). Contribution of Social Media to the Students' Academic Development. International Journal Of Information and Education Technology., 5(12), 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijiet
  25. Harrigan, N. A. (2012). Influentials, novelty, and social contagion: The viral power of average friends, close communities, and old news. Social Networks, 34(4), 470- 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2012.02.005
  26. Jordan, K., & Weller, M. (2018). Academics and social networking sites: Benefits, problems and tensions in professional engagement with online networking. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2018(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.448
  27. Kapoor, K. K., Tamilmani, K., Rana, N. P., Patil, P., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Nerur, S. (2018). Advances in social media research: Past, present and future. Information Systems Frontiers, 20(3), 531-558. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10796-017-9810-y
  28. Kavoura, A., & Sylaiou, S. (2019). Effective cultural communication via information and communication technologies and social media use. In Advanced methodologies and Technologies in Media and Communications, 377-390. https://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7601-3.ch030
  29. Kumar, V., & Nanda, P. (2019). Social media in higher education: A framework for continuous engagement. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education (IJICTE), 15(1), 97-108. doi: 0.4018/IJICTE.2019010107
  30. Lariscy, R.W., Tinkham, S.F. & Sweetser, K.D. (2011), Kids these days: examining differences in political uses and gratifications, internet political participation, political information efficacy, and cynicism on the basis of age. American Behavioral Scientist, 55 (6): 749‐764. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0002764211398091
  31. Lerman, K. G. (2010). Information contagion: An empirical study of the spread of news on Digg and Twitter social networks. ICWSM. BIBLIOGRAPHY. http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.2664
  32. Liberatore, A., Bowkett, E., MacLeod, C. J., Spurr, E., & Longnecker, N. (2018). Social media as a platform for a citizen science community of practice. Citizen Science: Theory and Practice, 3(1). http://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.108
  33. Majeed, M. T., & Ayub, T. (2018). Information and communication technology (ICT) and economic growth nexus: A comparative global analysis. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 12(2), 443-476. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/188352
  34. Manji, K., Hanefeld, J., Vearey, J., Walls, H., & de Gruchy, T. (2021). Using WhatsApp messenger for health systems research: a scoping review of available literature. Health policy and planning, czab024. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab024
  35. Mingle, J., Adams, M., & Adjei, E. A. (2016). A Comparative Analysis of Social Media Usage and Academic Performance in Public and Private Senior High Schools. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(7), 13. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1095298.pdf
  36. Mohsin, M. (2021). 10 Youtube Statistics That You Need to Know. Retrieved from https://www.oberlo.com/blog/youtube-statistics
  37. Newman, T., Peck, J., & Wilhide, B. (2019). Social media in sport marketing. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315212975
  38. Nielsen, R. K., & Schrøder, K. C. (2014). The relative importance of social media for accessing, finding, and engaging with news: An eight-country cross-media comparison. Digital journalism, 2(4), 472-489. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2013.872420
  39. Nisar, T. M., Prabhakar, G., & Strakova, L. (2019). Social media information benefits, knowledge management and smart organisations. Journal of Business Research, 94, 264- 272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.05.005
  40. Ogaji, I. J., Okoyeukwu, P. C., Wanjiku, I. W., Osiro, E. A., & Ogutu, D. A. (2017). Pattern of use of social media networking by Pharmacy students of Kenyatta university, Nairobi, Kenya. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 211-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.035
  41. Oueder, M., & Abousaber, I. (2018). A Study on the Impact of Social Media Usage on Student Academic Performance: University of Tabuk an Example. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), 40(1), 77-88. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/235050518.pdf
  42. Pin Learn, J.-C. Y.-P. (2014). The network effect on information dissemination on social network sites. Computers in Human Behaviour, 43(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.019
  43. Prensky, M. (2010). Teaching Digital Natives: Partnering for Real Learning. London: Sage Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4236/jsip.2015.62009
  44. Salvation, M., & Adzharuddin, N. A. (2014). The influence of social network sites (SNS) upon academic performance of Malaysian students. International journal of humanities and social science, 4(10), 1. http://www.ijhssnet.com/journal/index/2747
  45. Schwemmer, C., & Ziewiecki, S. (2018). Social media sellout: The increasing role of product promotion on YouTube. Social Media+ Society, 4(3), https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2056305118786720
  46. Scott, P. R., & Jacka, J. M. (2011). Auditing social media: A governance and risk guide. John Wiley & Sons.
  47. Shahbaznezhad, H., Dolan, R., & Rashidirad, M. (2021). The Role of Social Media Content Format and Platform in Users' Engagement Behavior. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 53, 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2020.05.001
  48. Sharma, A., & Shukla, A. K. (2016). Impact of social messengers especially WhatsApp on youth: a sociological study. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 2(5), 367-375.
  49. Smock, A. D., Ellison, N. B., Lampe, C., & Wohn, D. Y. (2011). Facebook as a toolkit: A uses and gratification approach to unbundling feature use. Computers in human behavior, 27(6), 2322-2329. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.chb.2011.07.011
  50. Tandoc Jr, E. C., Ferrucci, P., & Duffy, M. (2015). Facebook use, envy, and depression among college students: Is facebooking depressing?. Computers in human behavior, 43,139-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.10.053
  51. Trottier, D. (2016). Social media as surveillance: Rethinking visibility in a converging world. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315609508
  52. Trust, T., Carpenter, J. P., & Krutka, D. G. (2017). Moving beyond silos: Professional learning networks in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 35, 1- 11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.06.001
  53. Wagner, K. (2020). Oculus Go, the virtual reality headset Facebook hopes will bring VR to the mainstream, is finally here. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/ycnz468q.
  54. Wang, C., Zhang, J., Wang, L., Pu, J., & Yuan, X. (2011). Human identification using temporal information preserving gait template. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 34(11), 2164-2176. http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~chenwang/Papers/TPAMI_CGI.pdf
  55. Whiting, A., & Williams, D. (2013). Why people use social media: a uses and gratifications approach. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1108/QMR-06-2013-0041
  56. Wolf, M., Sims, J., & Yang, H. (2018). Social media? What social media?. In UKAIS: 3.
  57. Youtube (2021). YouTube Statistics – Users, Revenue, Demographics & Usage (Available at: https://influencermarketinghub.com/youtube-stats/).